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John William McCormack
John William McCormack (December 21, 1891 – November 22, 1980) was an American politician from Boston, Massachusetts. McCormack served as a member of United States House of Representatives from 1928 until he retired from political life in 1971. As a Democrat, McCormack served as House Majority Leader three times, the first time from 1940 to 1947, the second time from 1949 to 1953, and again from 1955 to 1961. He served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1962 to 1971.
==Early life==
By McCormack's own account, he was born in Boston, to Joseph H. McCormack, a hod carrier, and his wife Ellen (O'Brien) McCormack, both the children of Irish immigrants who had arrived in 1848 during the Great Irish Famine. He was one of 12 children, only three surviving to adulthood. McCormack said he was 13 when his father died, but his father actually had left the family to work as a stonemason in Maine, died in 1929, and been buried in a pauper's grave.〔Garrison Nelson, "(Irish Identity Politics: The Reinvention of Speaker John W. McCormack of Boston )", ''New England Journal of Public Policy'' 15 (Fall/Winter 1999/2000), 7-34〕 McCormack quit school after the eighth grade to help support his family, working for $3 a week as an errand boy for a brokerage firm. He began working for a law firm for a 50-cent increase, while attending law school at night. He passed the Massachusetts bar exam in at age 21, despite not having gone to high school.
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